About Karate Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1772 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category Sports Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Japan Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Karate whose meaning from its origin in Japan means empty hands.It was introduced back when weapons were grounded illegal. Karate as a sport goes way back to the earliest of times and is a sport developed in Japan. Gichin Funakoshi who was the one who started Shotokan karate is respected and held with great esteem for making karate known in many parts of Japan and also Okinawans who were teachers of karate were responsible and largely praised for popularizing karate as a sport and largely taught karate in the birth place of karate which is Japan. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About Karate Report" essay for you Create order There are many types and styles of karate but the earliest styles developed are Shotokan, Wadtaught o-Ryu, Goju-Ryu, and Shio-Ryu. This style finds its origin in Naha. Karate as a sport has grown wide over years and has been embraced as a sport by assimilation and is what gave birth to kickboxing which is majorly in the western countries and kungfu among the Chinese. Karate was eventually lengthened to karate jutsu which means Chinese hand art but was later changed by Okinawan himself to karate-do to mean empty I write this research hoping to give a clear and detailed work showing on karate as a sport. Karate offlate has won many athletes and countries, for example, China and Japan many medals because of their experiences in Karate and for my research below, I will guide you and show you how karate is a sport. Karate as a sport Karate just same to other sports is a very addictive fun and also paying sport. For one to learn karate it takes a series of practice and hard work. Karate is not mainly practiced to harm other opponents but is a way of bringing people close to gether through tournaments and during lessons one is advised not to use karate for the wrong use (Yate). For example getting into fights or getting into fights and hurting other people. Therefore, a game of honor. The guidelines on how to play karate are very simple and easy to understand but need hard work and determination. The following is some of the basic karate styles and guidelines on how to practice and play. Getting into a quick warm up. Before one starts practicing karate styles, he or she ?for it fits both agenda should get into a quick warm-up which involves light jogging on the spot, stretch of body and jumping would help ease muscles hence preventing muscle pull, muscle aches and muscle cramps which can cause you to not continue with your practice thus a major and important step (Wood). Learning how to do basic paces. A punch is called Chou zuki in Japanese. This is the most suitable and common form of punch because It requires few body movement and it does not use much of bopancesdy part of your body to acquire power and is meant to release tension and make a proper and clear connection and calmness. It involves punching with both your hands but in slow bits in the air. Put the face of all your strength, to your abdomen and slowly moved towards punching turning your wrist and allowing the face of the grip to face downwards. Blocking techniques. We use our forearm mainly during blocking and for blocking to be successful, you raise your blocked arm, your position being a step in or a step back and move your arm back and forth the opposite direction of the body thus in all moment connecting your attacking arm with the other forearm and for practice put the same back with the other hand. Upper rising blocking technique. This is a blocking technique, where one hand should be on top of your head or rather a forehead and the other just on the side of your waist. This attains blocking when you switch the position of the two hands with a lightening speed to be opposite which is having the one on the fore head to go to the west and one on the waist to be on the forehead. This blocks any sudden hit from your opponent. Middle blocking technique. The main posture in this block g technique, is only keeping your arms straight vertically upwards with the ground and having the other hand vertical to about 135 degrees with lightning speed thus repeated doing of this a hight speed lead blockage of abdominal and chest hit (Urban). Kicking techniques. This is another karate technique which is mostly used when the upper body has been blocked by the opponent or if you dont have a clear punch. Although karate students have to practice, various types of kicking techniques in relation to the distance between you and your opponent. Front kick techniqueMae Geri. This kicking technique shows you how to kick with the knuckles in your feets and while raising or throwing your kick you should mainly focus on the joint parts of your opponent and throwing the kick with speed and power resulting to a very deadly strike (Trias). This is mainly used if an opponent is of the same height or taller. Sidekick technique.This is a type of technique where the kick originates from the side of your foot. The wider the kick during airtime the higher impulsive force due to higher kinetic energy. This kick is majorly used in karate sports because of its efficiency Roundhouse kick technique.This is a kicking technique where you use the ball on your feet to kick your opponent but slightly different from the front kick because toes should be folded and after the kick the body should move sideways. Hook kick technique.This is a kicking technique where the first step before kicking is putting your foot apart left foot being backward and the right one being in front. The higher the kick the stronger the impulse will be thus very vital. Back attack technique. This is a technique that mainly shows how an opponent can be attacked from the back side. This technique is not very different from the hook kick technique (Evans, et al). This is because, as opposed to the front hook kick, the back attacks you elevating your kick but take it from the back making it more fatal. In karate, a sports one knows the qualification or the level of a person judging from his or her belt. Ranks and levels are obtained mainly through the color belt worn during the sport. The colors used in the representation are yellow, orange, red, green, blue, white and black. White overall represents the starter level and black is the topmost belt. The order of karate belts judging from completion and ranks is as follows, white, yellow, green, blue, purple, red, brown, black. In the early 1940s, dark shades of color, the move ahead agenda in karate and further dying of belts would show movement ahead agenda with expertise on top. As time went by, new belt colors were introduced and each of the belts stated below have its meaning and these as stated below are the belt colors with their meaning. White belt.This is the first belt for a newly enrolled karate student and the white in it is used to show birth or the enrollment. Yellow belt. This is immediately given to you after the first belt, This belt is given to students who after they have completed a set task or examination and symbolizes that now the student is open-minded for the other techniques and has been shed light on what karate is. Orange belt. This is the third level and the belt was given is orange. This symbolises that the student is learning more techniques expanded his or her knowledge of karate a sport. Greenbelt.This is the fourth level belt with its color being green. This shows how the students have grasped vast knowledge of karate and can be symbolized as the penetration of roots and stem in a plant to light. Blue belt.This is the fifth level belt. This is proof that you are a mature karate sports student and this is where most of the people start participating in tournaments. It can be symbolized to a plant growing. Purple belt.This belt is a belt showing a seriousness of the student and one does own it for long. It is a transition belt and shows that the student has vast knowledge of karate. Brown belt. This is the seventh belt. This belt shows pride to the students having the belt and can be symbolized as a fully grown plant waiting to be harvested. Red belt. This belt shows how the student posses vast and deep knowledge of Karate and the student is always the right-hand assistant to the sensei who is their master. Black belt. This is the upmost be belt among all belts and possession of such a belt can grant a person powers to be master or sensei and can teach other students about karate. Conclusion Karate a sport has many lovers. For one to own a black belt, it takes upmost determination and hard work. From the body we can see various ways in which karate is practiced and the steps followed in order for one t step from a white belt to a black belt. From this research one can learn that karate is a sport that is practiced by few this is due to its need for hard work and sometimes can be very dangerous since it can cause fatal injuries all in all it is not very dangerous but one takes precautions and follow the rules stated one of them being them being not hitting your opponent up neck or close to the reproductive organs Karate is a good sport and once which teach you the values of discipline in that for one to advance from level to level one should follow the rules stated in that one should not break any rules for example on beating up of innocent people and practicing your karate for the wrong use Finishing up I would like all advice you to try this interesting game or sport since it is enriched with lots of advice teachings and discipline as you climb from the white belt level to the black belt level. Works Cited Evans, Anthony B, et al.? Ufc, Ultimate Fighting Championship: The Official Fans Guide : As Real As It Gets.? 2014. Trias, Robert.? The Hand Is My Sword: A Karate Handbook. Tuttle Pub,? 2011. Urban, Peter.? The Karate Dojo: Traditions and Tales of a Martial Art. Tuttle Publishing,? 2011. Wood, Alix.? Karate. PowerKids P,? 2013. Yate, Keith D.? Mastering the Martial Arts: Vol. 1.

Essay about Christopher Columbus The Villain - 498 Words

Christopher Columbus All my life, I have been hearing about Christopher Columbus. Since little, first, my family talking about him, then in school learning about him. I really thought he was a hero. The way they teach you about him in grammar school or middle school makes you think he really is a hero. But later on, doing research on him, looking for what he really did, where did he came from etc. I realize that he is not a hero. There are many reasons why people think he is good as well there are many reasons why they think he is bad. Personally I think Columbus is a villain, he did a lot of bad things that most people don’t know a bout. However if they know them, it would make them think a little bit deeper if Columbus is the Hero†¦show more content†¦Christopher Columbus did not do a single good action in any of his four voyages in the late 1400s. Christopher Columbus was not the founder of the Americas we live in today because he did not discover it, even if he did there were already the natives who inhabited the land. It was just luck that he discovered the Americas, because he wasn’t even coming here, he got here because his ships went the wrong way and â€Å"Oh Surprise!† â€Å"We got something here to bring to Spain† When Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean, Native Americans were scared, but still friendly toward him. So he took advantage of this people being nice to him, to force them to convert in his religion and also take them as slaves. Columbus also saw that this people had no weapons, they have no way to defend themselves. So as you can see it was very easy for Columbus to take them over and treat them badly because they had no protection. That is a good example to show how cruel Columbus could act toward this people that could not fight back. Also Columbus took this poor people as slaves. He made them adore his God. Also made them worked for him without any payment, maybe just for some food. He took some of them with him to Spain to show the kings what he had done, while the others were digging gold, making money for Columbus, his people and his country. And what did they get out of that hard work? Nothing! They didn’t got anything out of the goodShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus : Hero Or Villain?884 Words   |  4 PagesRian White Crawford 3rd Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? In elementary school students are taught that Christopher Columbus is some godly hero who discovered that the earth was round and a shorter route to â€Å"Asia†. They even have a day dedicated to him. Typically, children are gullible and just believe what they are taught, rather than actually researching and learning the history on their own. As a child one’s brain is not developed enough to possess a sense of moral discernment. Also, childrenRead More Christopher Columbus: The Villain Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesAfter gaining more knowledge about Christopher Columbus and his voyage to the â€Å"New World,† I believe that Christopher Columbus is a villain. Although Christopher Columbus used his courage and great navigation skills to voyage to a place unknown to the western part of the world many native people suffered from his voyages to the west. In 1492 Columbus set out to find a shorter route to Asia by sailing west to get east. In his voyage he came upon the Caribbean Islands, and a Native AmericanRead MoreChristopher Columbus Hero Or Villain1658 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is an internationally celebrated explorer, due to his voyages to Central America during the Age of Discovery, a period between 15th and 16th centuries where explorers would be supported by countries to claim land. 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Essay1788 Words   |  8 Pages School taught us about the infamous Christopher Columbus who was known as the hero who found the Americas in 1492, but is that the truth? Is Columbus really the hero that grade school portrayed him to be? Columbus was not. Columbus was a greedy man who destroyed an entire race of people with genocide just so only he could benefit and become a man of money and power. Columbus was a very good speaker and very persuasive. He convinced the King and Queen of Spain to fund his expedition to â€Å"Asia†Read MoreEssay about Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain?781 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that Columbus was one of the greatest explorers of all time. In my mind there is no question about whether Christopher Columbus discovered America; of course he did, its Columbus! However, this is a highly debated issue and through writings by authors Jeffery Hart and James W. Loewen we will investigate the true importance of Columbus. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the essay written by Jeffrey Hart entitled, â€Å"Discovering Columbus†, he argues strongly that, in fact, Columbus did discoverRead MoreChristopher Columbus was not the First to Discover America Essay652 Words   |  3 Pages People argue that Christopher Columbus was the first to find America, but other people argue that the Native Americans were the first ones in America. In 1492 Christopher Columbus voyages from spain to the Americas not knowing what was there. So was Christopher Columbus the first one to find out about America? Would he be a hero or a villain for saying he did, or saying he did but actually didn’t and just wants to get the credit for it. Why people believed that he would be a hero is because

Bangladesh Rmg Sector Free Essays

string(52) " is a result of ears of negligence and malfeasance\." For example, with the removal of the Multi- Fiber Agreement (MFC) in 2005, fear of imminent doom stroked in the hearts of the garments owners. Despite the adverse predictions of different studies, the ARM sector of Bangladesh managed to pull through the abolishment of the MFC unscathed. Bangladesh later secured a position under the Generalized System of Preference (SSP), which allowed the country to enjoy privileged trade links with the Western producers. We will write a custom essay sample on Bangladesh Rmg Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, after the most recent tragedy of Ran Plaza where more than 1200 garments workers lost their lives, the US government suspended the SP of Bangladesh. Even though EX. promised not to withdraw SSP for Bangladesh it comes with stipulations attached. In this circumstance, the question that everyone is compelled to ask themselves is- â€Å"Will the ARM sector of Bangladesh collapse with the recent crisis it is faced with, or will it be able to hold its ground? † The Evolutionary Path of the ARM Sector Before delving further into the recent crisis and its impacts, let’s first identify the contribution of ARM sector in Bangladesh economy and its strengths that led to its immense growth over the last few decades. ARM sector is the highest foreign exchange generating sector of Bangladesh, constituting 79% of total export and around 22 percent of total GAP in FYI 2012-13. It is evident from graph 1 that the sector’s contribution to total export and economy as a whole has only increased over time. Currently it employs 44 million worker 80% of which are women. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that ARM sector has become the lifeline of Bangladesh economy. Graph: ARM export and Total Export hourly wage rate of ARM Sector source: BAGGAGE Graph 2: Minimum Source: ILL The global hegemony of Bangladesh in ARM sector can be ascribed to the fact that it enjoys a competitive advantage in terms of low wages and lax regulation that transformed into competitive global prices. With a minimum wage of USED 0. 26 per hour, the rate is one of lowest in the world (see Graph 2). The biggest earner of foreign exchange in Bangladesh has also been showered with favorable incentives such as back-to-back LLC, import and customs duty rebates and short and long term interest rates discount. Harnessing on its cheap labor, Bangladesh ARM sector has found a strong foothold to sustain on its own. For example, the MFC quota system which had initially acted in favor of the Bangladesh ARM sector was phased out in allowing the abolishment. According to the McKinney report 2011, Bangladesh has all the potential of becoming the no. 1 apparel sourcing hotshot replacing China. Buyers at the cost of labor wages According to Doug Miller, professor emeritus of supply chain ethics, â€Å"In Bangladesh, you have a glut of buyers in search of a cheap product wanting to place enormous orders, and the capacity is built hurriedly. With a clause of deferred payment in letter of credit (L/C) I. E. The formal loan agreement for purchases, merchants in Bangladesh get products shipped out and release payments to manufacturers after months of delay of as much as 6 months. With payment being deferred, Bangladesh manufacturers are actually forced to subsidize the buyers. Garment-makers take loan, free of interest for 90 days, against the L/C in executing orders. So, for the period beyond 90 days, manufacturers have to fork out 1 PC interest. Moreover, an order worth a dollar that a buyer places actually does not add up to a dollar. On different pretexts and through underhand dealings, they take back almost 25 cents, leaving the manufacturers to complete the Job with the remaining 75 cents with which the manufacturer buy fabrics and accessories, make clothes, pay establishment costs, ship out clothes, and are expected to pay workers reasonably and make good profit as well. Factory installations are shoddy, workers’ lock in and lead times are too tight- all in order to minimize costs and attend to stringent deadlines. Since victims fear veering off foreign buyers, the central bank and garment owners’ association has not yet initiated a reform. The Current Crisis Today there is a vast network of some 5,000 garment factories in Bangladesh, far more than any other low-wage country. They aim at churning out clothing quickly and cheaply without bothering to comply with rules and worker safety standards. Faced with a government imposed minimum wage of USED 38, the average factory owner seeks cost minimization by tweaking other variables such as infrastructure, power and freight. Such hard core profit seeking behavior has resulted in a regulatory disaster. According to Bangladesh institute of labor studies, at least 730 workers were killed and 4,700 garment workers have been injured in ARM accidents between years 1990 to 2012. Five deadly incidents from November 2012 through May 2013 brought rocker safety and labor violations in Bangladesh to world attention. However, the biggest, deadliest disaster so far has been the collapse of the factory building in Saver which has led to the death of over 1100 workers. The fatal accidents occurring in regular interval have put the bright future of Bangladesh ARM sector in Jeopardy. One of the five criteria that buyers look into while evaluating a destination/country as a major sourcing market is risk (as outlined in a report by McKinney, 2011). Taking that into account, recent incidents in Bangladesh point out that there has been a age surge in the risk factor surrounding the readmes garments (ARM) sector in Bangladesh. Following the collapse of Ran Plaza, the Western companies are now already seeking new sources of ready-made garments. Well known companies already contemplating a move out, fearing that association with Bangladesh factories would damage their reputations. Low wage that once has been the main attraction circumstance it is only natural that competitors like China, India and Vietnam will snatch business away from Bangladesh. Regulations The regulatory disaster that the Bangladesh ARM sector is facing now is a result of ears of negligence and malfeasance. You read "Bangladesh Rmg Sector" in category "Papers" Laws ensuring the rights of workers are in place, but are scattered, outdated and not enforced properly. A National Labor Law Commission was formed in 1992 to enact a Labor Code. The National Trade Union Leaders of The Labor Law Review Committee was reconstituted in 1998. However, workers’ rights are highly violated and trade unions are very weak. In 2008, the government had enacted the Dacha Metropolitan Building (Construction, Development, Conservation and Demolition) Rules aimed at ensuring construction of any structure in the capital Dacha in compliance with the prevailing construction deadlines. However RAJAH, the Capital Development Authority, has failed to enforce the law seriously which further adds to the flimsy regulatory framework governing workers’ safety. Regulatory Capture The failure by the governmental bodies in Bangladesh to ensure the proper enactment of safety standards reflects â€Å"regulatory capture† that occurs when policymakers or regulatory bodies favor special interest groups rather than working in interest the public.. The perfect example would be the sanction of building permit of Ran Plaza in Saver. The design of the building was not architecturally sound but as granted by an RAJAH office that wasn’t authorized to issue such permits to begin with but he did it anyway in exchange of bribe; thus serving the interest of the building owner. The regulatory agencies such as Ministry of Labor and RAJAH, created to act in public interest, instead advance the commercial or special concerns of interest groups that dominate the industry or sector it is charged with regulating. Understandably the authority seems to turn a blind eye on this very matter as at least 10 percent of Bangladesh parliament members are direct owners of about 5000 garment factories in Bangladesh. The apparent inter-involvement reflects in the way there have been no convictions on any of the major disasters that had resulted in hundreds of death and injuries prior to the collapse of the Ran Plaza building in Saver in May 2013. The businessmen-UCM-politicians fear the pullout of Western buyers responsible for their profit margins as well as Arm’s contribution to the economy should the costs of implementing the regulations properly cause higher prices. Stakeholders’ Response Since the collapse of the building Ran Plaza and the corresponding international attention it has received, the reputation of Bangladesh ARM sector and its international buyers are in Jeopardy. Companies like Disney, Orion etc have terminated import from Bangladesh while major US importers like Walter have not made any concrete commitment to improve the working conditions of the factories from which they import clothes for its outlets. Most of the big global companies have decided to stay and try to improve safety in their contractors’ factories and build inspection of some factories under which millions work. The most severe blow that the Bangladesh ARM sector has faced after the Tragic Ran Plaza incident is the suspension of Generalized System of Preference (SSP) facility provided by the US overspent. This action comes as a result of Bangladesh government’s failure to improve working conditions and ensure worker safety inside the country. In the short run, the suspension from US SSP is projected to reduce export by a meager 0. 8 % as ARM products (which make up most of the US import from Bangladesh) are not included in the list of duty-free products in SSP. However, the cancellation of SSP will translate to major export loss for industries like ceramic products, processed and frozen prawn, tobacco, etc as these products used to enjoy duty free entry in US market. Most importantly, Bangladesh image as a trade partner of the USA is tainted. Therefore, the prospect of future export growth of Bangladesh in US market seems dimmer as this may discourage US and other foreign investors, new and old, from venturing into Bangladesh. Nonetheless, the US government has assured that the suspension is temporary and accordance with the provided guideline will result in reinstatement of the facility. The key points of the guidelines are * Fast track registration of unions * Increase the number of government labor inspector * Proper implementation of Factory standard and stricter punishment for failure to imply * Assess architectural soundness and fire safety of all apparel units * Close or relocate risky factories * A hotlist for workers to unanimously report fire, building safety and rights violation * Amend PEG law to match international standard * Prevent harassment and violation against labor activists and resolve ongoing dispute The repercussion of SSP suspension will be much more severe if adopted by European Union (ELI) since unlike USA, garments products enjoy SSP facility in ELI. EX. had previously threatened to remove preferential access of Bangladesh ARM reduces in EX. market if the government did not take measures to improve the working condition in Bangladesh factories. They have called for immediate safety improvements, and said they were considering changes in Bang ladesh duty-free and quota-free status to encourage more responsible management by the country’s garment industry. The United Nations labor agency, International Labor Organization (ILL) had also sent an inspecting team a week following the building collapse, and has called for greater commitment and social dialogue for the overall regulation of the ARM industry. ILL has welcomed an agreement signed by some international fashion brands and retailers, and trade unions to prevent workplace disasters. Thus there is increasing oversight by the international community to oversee the safety of the industry drivers. Response of Bangladesh Government and Regulatory Bodies Back home, the government of Bangladesh is working to amend the Labor law to make it time-befitting as well as protect the interest, rights and security of workers. RAJAH has also started an inspection of unauthorized factory buildings. Moreover the Anti Corruption Commission (AC) will look into the alleged irregularities in the Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BAGGAGE) have also issued a list of tests and standards that must be met by all the factories. This list includes: reports of soil tests and structural design to assess the suitability of the building to be used as a factory, to remove generators from the roof to the ground floor, to install equipments that would aid in a disaster and so forth. These were requested of all factories and are to be submitted by the end of May, 2013. For the owners, the course of action is to initiate compliance with the international standards and assist BAGGAGE in all activities y providing the reports asked of in time. They also need to educate and train their workforce on the steps to take in the event of a disaster and also conduct regular fire drills. Response of Civil Society The civil society has also raised a voice and become increasingly involved in the brewing demand for regulatory reform. Not only have individuals and organizations offered assistance to the collapsed building victims but many have also offered corrective measures. Sir Faze Abed, founder of BRACE, has asserted that instead of Western buyers pulling out, the buyers should invest in ensuring workers’ safety assure while the workers must also coalesce into unions and engage in collective bargaining. The government must also end neglecting worker safety issues and ensure Justice for the owners’ criminal negligence. Nobel Laureate Dry. Muhammad Yuan’s has recommended two proposals: one is for the Bangladesh government and foreign buyers to Jointly fix a minimum international wage level, and work on increasing labor productivity, specialized labor skills, and build buyers’ trust in order to remain competitive. The second is to set up a Workers’ Welfare Trust Fund, so that he international buying company will pay 10% of the amount it has agree to pay the garment factory owners to work in the welfare of the workers. A citizen action group can also be created in order to accelerate the positive changes taking place in business. Conclusion The ARM sector as the biggest foreign exchange earner in Bangladesh, is considered a â€Å"national treasure†, therefore a tacit bi-partisan agreement between the politicians and businessmen to protect it was an outcome, albeit blindly. However the failure of regulations and prevailing of criminal negligence can be mitigated by stricter law enforcement and by the presence of a proper non-partisan regulatory body or watchdog to ensure transparency, mitigated corruption and the assurance of worker safety. For the government, the most important action is to ensure enforceability of the steps that need to be undertaken. More often than not, it is seen that there is a flurry of activity right after an accident, which dies out soon with no significant changes that would prevent such an accident from being repeated. Trade unions and labor activism must not be shut down by the new Industrial Police to ensure transparency and accountability of the workers and their rights. The workers must be allowed to organize themselves and be allowed to function as gracious counterpart of the existing ARM owners’ associations, not simply as appendages The ARM sector to demolish the entire sector if not addressed immediately. These include: poor infrastructure, low compliance to international standards, weak supplier performance and workforce supply, overconfidence on imported raw materials and lastly poor economic and political stability. The government must act swiftly to avert the impending doom one of the most important industries in the Bangladesh How to cite Bangladesh Rmg Sector, Papers

Bio-Psychosocial Stressors in Adolescents free essay sample

Adolescent Stressors Adolescents today face a myriad of stressors in their lives that can impact who they are and who they will become. Bio-psychosocial stressors appear to be more prevalent in minority adolescents who reside in lower socioeconomic households. Impoverished neighborhoods experience a great deal of financial difficulties, crime, and single parent homes. Adolescents growing up in these households often have lower grades in school and a lack of self confidence verses their counterparts. Below these stressors will be discussed in greater detail.Economic Strain One of the more common stressors facing adolescents today is economics. Especially in these trying financial times many families are experiencing during the recession. The economic stress can impact parenting skills adversely by one or the other taking it out on their adolescent children. Parents may get frustrated easily and take it out on their children by cursing and/or yelling, or over reacting to minor problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio-Psychosocial Stressors in Adolescents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In turn the adolescent may respond by getting depressed, and engage in negative behavior patterns in the home and at school. Findings from a number of studies have also posited the linkage of economic strain with a variety of socio emotional problems in childhood and adolescence, including depression, conduct and psychological disorders, and social mal adaptation. † (Taylor, R. D. 1994) Research also indicates that adolescents that live in poor run down areas exhibit low levels of self esteem and high levels of anxiety. Unrealistic Beauty Standards A major area of stress for adolescents is school. The popular girls are almost always thin, a mirror image of mainstream society.Adolescent girls are under more and more pressure to look a certain way to conform to unrealistic societal standards. Young girls can not escape the constant bombardment of print ads, television, and billboards depicting skeletal images of supposedly beautiful women. The unrealistic images of models that young girls attempt to recreate often lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Overweight adolescents are often taunted by their peers. Other stressors adolescents often experience include bullying, pressure to excel, and the need to impress others.Bad Habits Bad habits adolescent children may acquire include cigarette smoking, drug/alcohol abuse, violence cutting, and petty crimes. These bad habits usually result from seeing their peers do it and/or peer pressure to try it. Children living in poor neighborhoods commonly have less access to community resources that could occupy their time in a positive manner verses a negative one. Research indicates that social support enhances individual’s opportunities for positive experiences, while diminishing the likelihood of negative ones. Adolescent Stressors Verses those of Younger ChildrenAll children experience a variety of stressors depending upon culture, socio economic status, religion, and upbringing. The kinds of stressors children may experience have a lot to do with their age group. For example; young children are not usually going to have to deal with unplanned pregnancy and drug/alcohol abuse. On the other hand adolescents likely do not have the same stressors as young children. Young children often have to deal with the stressors of mixed messages, parent/teacher demands, peer conflict, and relationship navigation the death of loved ones and parental divorce and conflicts.According to Dr. Schachter of the Department of Psychiatry at the New York City Mount Sinai School of Medicine â€Å"Research reported throughout the literature shows that there is a definite relationship between life stressors for adolescents and depression, incidence of suicide, interfering anxiety, poor school performance, and general adjustment problems. † (stressmanagement. com) Adolescent children are a lot more likely to experience depression verses their younger counterparts.According to one statistic; â€Å"An estimated 1 out of 10 children have difficulty escaping the symptoms of depression for long periods of time. The rate of depression is markedly lower (1%) in children ages 1 to 6 years old. The rate is higher in older children ages 9 to 12 years (12%). † (Conner, Psy. D) What Parents Can Do Regardless of what stressor is affecting the life of the child parents can have a powerful impact on diminishing the stressors a child is feeling. A parent can get involved in the children’s school functions such as field trips and by joining the Parent Teacher Association.Parents and children would benefit greatly from professional counseling. Parents should seek a consultation to see if counseling is a fit for their family from a qualified mental health professional. Medication a child is taking could also cause side affect that may affect them mentally so a visit to the family doctor or pharmacist may be in order. With the parents involvement in all aspects of their child’s life and attention to anything out of the ordinary a child’s stressors can be minimized so that they ay live a healthy and productive life.

Baseball Essay Research Paper AllStar Baseball 2002It free essay sample

Baseball Essay, Research Paper All-Star Baseball 2002 It # 8217 ; s non hone, but this is the best overall game of hardball that you # 8217 ; ll happen on PS2. March 19, 2001 After a slow start on PlayStation and Saturn, Acclaim # 8217 ; s All-Star Baseball series went on to go reasonably popular and well-regarded on Nintendo 64. But since the series became an sole to Nintendo # 8217 ; s system, fans of other consoles were left out in the cold and frequently inquiring if the game was truly meriting of all that worship. This needn # 8217 ; t be a concern any longer because Acclaim has delivered the latest game in its heralded series, All-Star Baseball 2002, to Sony # 8217 ; s freshly released PlayStation 2. Developed by Acclaim Studios Austin, All-Star Baseball stands as one of the most feature rich baseball games that you # 8217 ; ll happen on a console. It doesn # 8217 ; t offer about every bit much as the typical baseball simulation on the Personal computer, but most participants will happen that all of the of import bases have been covered here. We will write a custom essay sample on Baseball Essay Research Paper AllStar Baseball 2002It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The game offers a bevy of gameplay manners including Quick Play, Exhibition, All-Star Game, Season, Series, Home Run Derby and Batting Practice. The single games and seasons are extremely customizable, with options like Stadium, Game Time ( twenty-four hours, dark, dusk ) , Weather ( no precipitation, rain, snow ) , Sky ( clear, just, cloud-covered, stormy ) , and game trouble ( cub, veteran, and all-star ) being settable for single games. The season is every bit as customizable, with the lone defect being that it merely allows for one homo controlled squad per season, so people looking to play the same season with friends or household don # 8217 ; t truly have that option. Otherwise, the agenda can be set to 162 game unbalanced, 81 game half season, three game conference unit of ammunition redbreast, on game conference unit of ammunition redbreast, 87 game unit of ammunition redbreast, 29 game unit of ammunition redbreast, 162 game imbalanced non-interleague, 162 game balanced. And for those of you that would instead non play with the regular major conference rolls, the game has a really hearty Player Draft that enables you to construct a squad based on your choices in a bill of exchange affecting all of the participants included in the game. The bowls are extremely elaborate and ultra-realistic. If you look truly closely, you # 8217 ; ll likely be able to see gum on the seats. Check out those two misss doing out in the 3rd row. Beyond the phantasy bill of exchange, the regular roll direction abilities are likewise as deep. The line-ups can be setup specifically for playing against a left- or right-handed hurler and with or without a designated batter and it # 8217 ; s easy to make all the basic material like bomber participant, barter place, and barter order. The hurlers can be distinguished between get downing rotary motion, in-between alleviation, long alleviation, and closer. The game, nevertheless, requires that you have five get downing hurlers, so it doesn # 8217 ; t allow a four-man rotary motion, which takes off some of the scheme of managing a pitching rotary motion over the class of a twelvemonth and trades are limited to equal figure of participant trades and there # 8217 ; s no drawing up participants from the bush leagues or directing them back down. On the plus side, it does let for the warming up of hurlers in the bullpen and allows for complex in-game determinations like dual switches. The create-a-player option is every bit deep as any you # 8217 ; ll happen in any console baseball game about. The natural figure of pitch manners and batting stances that are available are mind-boggling and all of the of import properties and inside informations about the manner the participant expressions are wholly up to the user. The lone failing is that it # 8217 ; s non possible to make a participant with perfect evaluations in each class, unless there # 8217 ; s some yet to be released codification or secret to it. The stat tracking in All-Star Baseball is another of its many strong points, as merely about every individual of import stat is kept and tracked throughout the regular season and non lost one time the playoffs start. What # 8217 ; s most impressive is that the box tonss for every individual game played during a season, irrespective of whether it was played by a human participant or non, are saved and laid out precisely as you will happen them in your forenoon newspaper. Player awards are besides given for Cy Young, Rookie of the Year, MVP and others, and at that place # 8217 ; s a option called Games of Note that showcases all of the games over the class of the twelvemonth that had a important milepost reached, such as no-hit games and games where a participant hit for the rhythm. Gameplay The best thing about All-Star Baseball is that it wholly backs up all of the stats and characteristics with rock-solid gameplay that can appeal to both baseball purists and insouciant fans looking for a merriment to play arcade-style baseball game. For case, on the batting sides of things, when the game # 8217 ; s put to the Rookie trouble degree with the Easy Batting turned on ( which turns off the pointer ) , users need merely to worry about the timing of the swing to hit the ball and can anticipate a bevy of long balls. And on the opposite terminal of the spectrum, if you jack up the trouble degree to All Star, the games are by and large much tighter, and while still a spot homer heavy, the game # 8217 ; s have a more realistic feel to them and fliping affaire dhonneurs will be a reasonably common happening when top hurlers in the game face off. And even though the frequence of home runs are high when you use the Power swing over the Contact swing, participants will happen that the home runs are being hit by the good participants more frequently than by the bad 1s. And utilizing the Power swing continuously on the All Star puting will non merely ensue in more home runs, but besides in a higher than mean figure of work stoppage outs. The cursor-based batting interface is really deep and in add-on to commanding whether or non the participant uses a Power or Contact swing, the pointer can be adjusted in Contact manner to hold the participant attempt and draw the ball, hit it to the opposite field, seek to hit it into the land, into the air or any fluctuation of each. Fliping is pretty standard material on the outside, as participants merely select the pitch and so the location as customary in a baseball videogame. But what truly sets All-Star Baseball apart from every other console game is the deepness in the figure of pitch types available in the game. Pitchers can hold up to six different pitch types in their armory and unusual pitches like the circle change-of-pace, two-seam heater, knuckle curveball and tongue ball are all in the game. What # 8217 ; s more, pitcher weariness is accurate represented and non merely will users see a bead in velocity with the pitches over the class of the game, they # 8217 ; ll besides notice curveballs flattening out and a bead off in footings of the truth of hitting a mark. It # 8217 ; s besides possible to work batters to acquire work stoppage outs, but curiously plenty in all of the game # 8217 ; s that I # 8217 ; ve played, I # 8217 ; ve neer one time seen a computing machine participant take a called tierce work stoppage # 8212 ; even in a game where I was able to strike out 22 hitters with Pedro Martinez. Fielding options are reasonably minimum, as participants can either travel full machine rifle, which has the computing machine control everything ( including throwing ) , or manual, where the participant controls merely about everything ( placement of the fielders can be set to automatic ) . When commanding the fielders by yourself, the participant uses the face buttons to throw to each corresponding base and throws can be pre-loaded by pressing the button of the base that you want the ball thrown to before the participant catches the ball. The biggest grudge with respect to this facet of the game is that the camera angle by and large puts you in a bad place to acquire a good leap at the ball since it follows the ball foremost and so pans to where it # 8217 ; s hit. This will frequently ensue the user running the participant in the incorrect way before the camera eventually shows where the ball is traveling. Fortunately, it doesn # 8217 ; t frequently consequence in hits falling in that should be easy outs. Besides deserving mentioning is the fact that the participants have a kind of gravitative field around them, so there are frequently plays where the ball will look like it # 8217 ; s traveling to acquire past the fielder, but really acquire caught because it # 8217 ; s in this charming part around the participant theoretical account. While the game # 8217 ; s fielding jobs can be easy ignored, there are some notable jobs with the game # 8217 ; s baserunning that might really destroy the game for some. The computer-controlled baserunners are merely stupid and the terminal consequence is a batch of really unrealistic baseball state of affairss and results. The bulk of good hit balls that make it to the wall in left/center or right/center field terminal up being singles by the computing machine because they # 8217 ; ll run through first base before traveling for 2nd. And even when they do travel for 2nd, they # 8217 ; ll have by and large made the determination excessively late and will later acquire thrown out because of it. Likewise, you can plunge for a low hit line drive in forepart of you and hold the ball acquire past you and turn over all the manner to the wall and the computing machine will still remain at first base. Yet, even with the atrocious baserunning, All-Star Baseball can be considered a really realistic baseball game. The natural figure of types of hits off the chiropteran are reasonably astonishing, with merely about everything that you would see in a existent baseball game go oning here, including disgusting pop-ups, ground balls that pop-up after hitting the hill, and difficult hit land balls that do it past the first or third-basemen down the lines. Artworks The participant theoretical accounts are realistically proportioned and the bowls are really elaborate and accurately modeled, with new inside informations like the # 8220 ; Bite # 8221 ; in Cinergy field and other stadium-specific background objects. And while All-Star Baseball is clearly the inferior merchandise when it comes to texture inside informations on the participants and bowls, every bit good as in footings of the smoothness of the pitching and batting lifes, when compared to Triple Play Baseball, it makes up for its defects with a batch of assortment in its fielding lifes and inside informations. There are merely so many small things that you # 8217 ; ll see happen in the game. Players will plunge for a ground ball and either acquire up to do a long throw to first base or merely make it from their articulatio genuss. Most of the passages are pretty smooth, excessively, when it # 8217 ; s being controlled wholly by the computing machine. Outfielders will seamlessly travel from an over the shoulder gimmick to a throw to the cutoff adult male and participants will see a batch of assortment in throws, which will see the first baseman swipe at low thrown balls that bounciness, reach out for well-thrown balls or jump-up for a high-thrown ball. Conversely, there are some instances where the passage life between throws is pretty atrocious. If you don # 8217 ; Ts take advantage of the pre-loading of throws, the participant will reset to a basal life before traveling to throw the ball after catching it and even when you do pre-load throws, there # 8217 ; s a small hiccough in the center of the gesture that makes it look like the participant is holding jobs acquiring the ball out of his baseball mitt. It # 8217 ; s neer a major nuisance, but something that decidedly could utilize some betterments. Observant participants will happen that All-Star Baseball is filled with a batch of small inside informations in the manner of life that might acquire overlooked by some. Outfielders will slap their baseball mitts on their thigh when waiting for a fly ball and to the full alive base managers will drop to their articulatio genuss and lb the land to allow the baserunner know that he should skid, and the umpires will realistically signal place tallies, foul balls, work stoppages and other calls. The crowds are besides to the full animated, even though still 2D, and hurlers that are warming up in the bullpen can be seen making it during gameplay. All-Star Baseball might non look every bit visually every bit impressive as Triple Play Baseball on the surface, but it decidedly holds its ain thanks to all of these small things. Sound Thom Brennaman handles the game # 8217 ; s play-by-play, while the director of the Arizona Diamondbacks, Bob Brenly, does the commentary with the PA responsibilities taken attention of by the Texas Rangers # 8217 ; Chuck Morgan. The general play-by-play is by and large dry and unstimulating, with even the emotion proclamations looking a spot on the robotic side, but it # 8217 ; s by and large in melody with what # 8217 ; s occurrence in the game and sometimes reasonably in deepness. What # 8217 ; s truly cool is that a really good occupation has been done in realistically blending in the PA work with the commentary so that the observers will frequently still talk to each other while an proclamation is being made in the background. Peoples looking for hideous arcade-sounds to spice up their baseball game, will be sorely defeated with what All-Star Baseball has to offer in footings of sound effects. But, purists that want more realistic sounds will be in baseball Eden. The cleft of the chiropteran is pretty crisp and there are a batch of cool crown noises and background material that # 8217 ; ll pop-up over the class of a game. Remarks Since I haven # 8217 ; t rather put adequate clip in with the concluding version of 3DO # 8217 ; s High Heat Major League Baseball 2002 and haven # 8217 ; t even seen Sony # 8217 ; s MLB 2002 in action at all, it might be a spot premature to label All-Star Baseball 2002 the best game on the system rather yet. On the other manus, I have no job stating that it # 8217 ; s a better overall game of baseball than EA Sports # 8217 ; offering, Triple Play Baseball, and offers visuals that are far superior to 3DO # 8217 ; s soon-to-be released merchandise. All-Star Baseball 2002 isn # 8217 ; t a perfect game and it does hold some major defects, such as the horrific baserunning by the computing machine AI, but it # 8217 ; s a really solid game of baseball that can be attuned to suit the gameplay needs of the finical baseball purist or the insouciant fan. It might be a spot homer happy on the whole, but it # 8217 ; s still possible to acquire low hiting fliping conflicts against the computing machine on the All Star scene, even after playing a batch of games. For case, deep into a season playing as the Boston Red Sox and after a five game winning run where I was able to zigzag 21 unit of ammunition trippers, I lost a 1-0 pitching affaire dhonneur with Greg Maddux of the Atlanta Braves. Maddux limited me to three hits, all of which were singles, and Atlanta scored its lone tally in the 6th frame after Maddux bunted Brogna to 2nd who so scored on a individual by Veras after a strikeout of Furcal. It was a dissatisfactory loss, but one of the most rewarding games of videogame baseball that I # 8217 ; ve played in a piece. It # 8217 ; s because of happenings like this and the fact that the game offers such a enormous sum of customizable options and a big characteristic set that I strongly believe that All-Star is the best in the genre presently available on PlayStation 2 and is the game that all future releases must populate up to. # 8211 ; Gino

Michel Foucault

Michel Foucault Michel Foucault was a famous and influential French philosopher. He was the leading individual who changed the idea of human body being a biological or physiological figure to a concept of sociology. He managed to change people’s mentality in the sense that the society normal or ordinary state of thinking and people’s perceptions changed significantly.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Michel Foucault specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Foucault was also thought of as the greatest and most intellectual scholar and philosopher who lived until the time of his death in 1984(Fenves 369). He came up with very important theories that are still used today and have changed the outlook of society in many ways (Adomo 470). For example, he observed that criminal justice system was not working or performing well as per the expectations of society. As a result, he came up with the Panopticon principle that trans formed the way jails and discipline for offenders was being perceived by society. Interestingly, this principle has remained firm in place bearing in mind that the entire face of criminal justice system was gradually reshaped with the adoption of this principle. Foucault focused more on human sexuality as well as the concept of power and human discipline. He was also very much involved in the gay community in San Francisco. Michel Foucault was born in Poitiers, France on October 15, 1926. His father and grandfather were physicians and although he was a brilliant student, he resisted his family and native country and traveled overseas when he fully came of age. When he was 20 years old, he was accepted into the EcoleNormaleSuperieure (ENS) in Paris (Adomo 470). He was a student of philosophy and psychology. For a while he was a follower of communism, but later in life he changed his views. He graduated from ENS in 1952, and started his career immediately. His career was known to be b oth intellectual and professional. He performed his roles with consistency and purpose. Foucault started his career as a teacher at University of Lille in France. From 1955 to 1960, he served as a cultural attachà © in Uppsala, Sweden; Warsaw, Poland; and Hamburg, Germany. Later on in 1960 to 1966, he served as a professor at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, (Bouchard 117). While he was there, he wrote his early monograms, which received attention, but only from a small audience. In 1966 however, things turned around for him when he published Les Motset les chosestranslated in English to The Order of Things. After the publication of the latter, he attracted a much larger audience. As a result, he was considered an original and controversial thinker of his time. At this point, Foucault decided to become a professor at the University of Tunis in Tunisia from 1966 to 1968(James 340). He then went on to become the director of the philosophy department at the University of Paris, Vincennes for two years.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1970, he was given a seat in the history of systems of thought at the College de France (Adomo 470). It is imperative to note that this is one of France’s most prestigious institutions. This opened up the door to Foucault for conducting intensive research which lead to writings of his later works. Over the next thirteen years, he wrote quite a number of works, including his volumes on sexuality and Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison,as well as various essays. He continued to travel throughout the rest of his life and managed to extend his reputation to places like Italy, Canada, Japan, Brazil, and the United States, where he spent relatively long periods of time. He also became a visiting lecturer at the University of California at Berkeley for several years, before his death in 1984. It was alleged that he died of HIV/AIDS which was then an emerging infection (Fenves 377). The fourth volume of his history on sexuality was never completed. Foucault focused most of his research on finding out how to create some methodology on discipline that would be effective in society for purposes of controlling and regulating behavior that needs disciplining the body. He used the term disciplinary practices to describe institutions such as schools, churches as well as prisons which, to a large extent, assist in controlling and regulating any given society (Adomo 470). These institutions are strategically placed in society to teach people how they are supposed to act or think, or when someone goes against societal rules, these rules and regulations are supposed keep them out of society by being locked behind bars. They are changing constantly to come up with new ways to make sure they can keep control and regulate how people act in society. One of the easiest and most common ways to do this is by using surveillance (Bouchard 113). The constant monitoring of bodies and disciplining if necessary by these social institutions make people stay in line and behave how they are supposed to for fear of being disciplined. When people know or feel like they are being monitored, they act differently than they would if they were in their home or somewhere where there is no threat of punishment (Bertaux 366). This has lead to what Foucault refers to as docile bodies which are produced through improvement of individuals’ behaviors through discipline, use, subjugate, discipline by various procedures and techniques of discipline (Adomo 470). A good example of this would be the way teachers and parents expect children to sit quietly and do their work or pay attention for long periods of time. We are always telling children to be quiet and listen or to keep their hands to themselves. Eventually, they learn that they are supposed to be quiet when a teacher o r fellow student is speaking, and that hitting is not appropriate (Adomo 470). I work at a children’s fitness center, and although the main focus of our classes are to help these children work on fitness, we also stress the ability to stay in line and wait for their turn, or listen when the teacher is explaining the game they are going to play.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Michel Foucault specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I have noticed that many children come into the program without ever having been in a structured setting before, and they have a hard time listening and doing what the rest of the class is doing, but after a few weeks, they sit nicely on their line and listen when they are supposed to (Bouchard 123). This proves that institutions really do use techniques to control and improve the way people act, and to show children the appropriate social norms they will need for the rest of thei r lives. One of Foucault’s most influential theories is the Panopticon principle. This theory is focused around the way prisons are run and how they keep control of inmates. The Panopticon is a large area with a tower in the center with rows of buildings surrounding it (Adomo 470). With this set up, each inmate can be monitored constantly, so they are under surveillance twenty-four hours a day. The inmate knows that he might be under watch, but he never knows if at any given moment he is being supervised, because they cannot see inside the supervisor’s room. Knowing that they could possibly be under watch makes them maintain some form of control and act appropriately largely due to the fact that they fear going through a disciplinary action g should they get caught breaking some of the clearly set rules and regualtions (Bertaux 360). Another example of this would be the way someone acts in a super market if they know that there are cameras in the store. Many store owne rs put cameras up that do not really work, but the sight of them makes shoppers believe that they are being taped. As a result, they are less likely to shoplift because they fear they will get caught (Adomo 470). A good real life example would also be the installation of cameras on school buses. When I was young, my fellow school mates would sometimes run out of control while riding in school bus and as such, they could not listen to the bus driver. She got a camera installed in the front of the bus, and told us that the principal could see the feed. These made all the children in the bus to sit nicely and quietly in their seats. From that time onwards, the problem never persisted. The children were afraid since they developed some fear that someone in authority was keenly watching them, and therefore, they acted appropriately. An explanation of his ideas in panoptical principles In a bid to fully understand and embrace modern forms of regulation in social field, many scholars have adopted the conceptual examples and principles of Michael Foucault’s panopticon theory. His ideas in the theory have compelled readers and analysts to contemplate that there is a possibility that panoptical theory has an explanatory frame that is useful, especially on contemporary practices of surveillance (Faubion 165).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the panopticon theory, Foucault focuses on vital factors that include disciplinary actions via systems of social control and the concept of power-knowledge. In his ideas, he strongly believed that through observing others, individuals were able to gain control, power and become knowledgeable (Adomo 470). Through it, all events that are taking place would be recorded, and every form of movement supervised. His theory has been lauded as a one that brought transition and transformation in disciplinary power seen from threats of discipline that creates a normalization of sorts (Hitchcock 124). Furthermore, from his ideas on panoptic discipline, an understanding that internalization of fear that an individual is being watched and the need to conform is created, and this achieves a positive response in behavior change that would not fully be achieved by total surveillance (Bertaux 354). The question that begs is how this works. By building on Foucault’s principle, power comes fr om observation. The behavior and actions of an observer are based upon what he sees exhibited on a monitor (Bouchard 113). This knowledge combined with observation ensures that individuals are fabricated in social order. However, some analysts argue that this is one way that Foucault’s principle in limiting the freedom of others and oppressing them. They further argue that this oppression comes from the threats and fact that a few individuals or groups manipulate others through control knowledge. While defending his principle, Foucault does not see the danger and oppression analysts are seeing (Adomo 470). Conversely, Foucault argues that through control knowledge, the repressions in social order created by individuals are minimized or reduced as panopticon fabricates individuals into social order. On the issue of power, who does not have it and who has it, Foucault’s idea was not to create a situation where others dominate or rule subjects, but he intended to create a system that will ensure that leaders or those who wish to create order find a ;suitable way of solving conflicts and resistance. Additionally, in his wisdom, Foucault did not give physical weapons that individuals could use to create order. Instead, his idea provided a powerful instrument of analysis. His idea has been adopted by many in urban public spaces, schools and offices where individual are induced to transform and conform to social order through surveillance. This has aided inn reducing pervasiveness and resistance to change in the society. His ideas have not received full support especially from a cross section of opposers of Foucault’s principles who think this is a violation of individuals’ right by use of intrusive electronics to control and modify behavior. The issue of freedom and security has plagued Foucault’s theories since his ideas are being seen as ways of incarcerating individuals who are in workplaces, public places and those going about their businesses (Faubion 158). It is imperative to underscore the fact that Foucault’s ideas make sense. This can be supported by the fact that unlike the former society that preceded contemporary one, resistance to change and conformity has tremendously increased( Fenves 369). The structure of the contemporary society has grown worse and become different since it lacks power to transform, instead, as Foucault puts it, relies on enlightenment reforms that bear inherent dangers inasmuch as they are made for and intended to correct barbarity (Bouchard 114). The latter, is intended to be corrected via enlightenment reforms that seeks to create order in the society via constructing learning institutions, modernizing medicine and elimination of dungeons (Adomo 470). In his ideas, Foucault claims that even with reforms, the issue of power and surveillance will be included since changes cause disturbance and the latter calls for order exercised through control and power. Moreover, the idea fronted by Foucault is based on carceral culture rather that the normal culture of spectacle. In it, he argues that formerly, and this is true in some societies today, the forms of discipline included obliteration, dismemberment and body torture. Other forms of discipline, especially in the aforementioned obliteration, rehabilitation occurs as well as internalization through a constitution. In his idea, creating reforms requires adoption of panopticon theory (Bertaux 354). For instance, in a prison set up, ensuring that there is order in the cells, creation of a surveillance tower would effectively control and monitor every movement. Creating on at the centre of a prison facility makes prisoners to feel that an individual is watching them inasmuch as they can not determine whether a person is in the tower (Bouchard 119). Adopting the prison example, Foucault claims that this can be used in both capitalist and democratic societies to maintain order. He believes that to creat e order, the populace must at all times know that someone somewhere is watching them. The advantage of this would be that the populace will police themselves through internalizing their own panoptic surveillance towers (Adomo 470) . The knowledge of being watched and the power of constraint aid individuals in taking responsibility in their actions. As such they play both the roles of subjection to internalized surveillance and power over their behavior. Today, governments and federal agencies have adopted the idea of Foucault and modernized it through modern technology whereby they track the behavior .and movements of the populace with systems of control such as surveillance cameras in public places, credit cards, ATM’s, the census, social security numbers, cell phones, telephones and the internet. The use of Panopticon is a carceral culture and idea that has been diffused to affect urban planning through discouraging concealment and monitoring movements. Additionally, it is used in learning institutions, factory architecture and hospitals. The idea of ponopticon schema and its application is polyvalent. Foucalt argued that it has been used to induce idlers and beggars to work, supervise workers, confine the insane, instruct school children, and treat patients and reform prisons (Bouchard 113). Through it, intervention and instruments of power are defined, power is channeled and disposed to its powers, and hierarchical organizations as well as distribution of individual are tracked and located. His idea was to have a society in which its functions are generalized. This is evident today in the manner in which the contemporary society has become a part of the panoptic mechanism. As a matter of fact, Foucault’s idea has been used today to internalize regulations and rules to bring conformity. Societies such as the American society that is fond of committing violence to innocent subjects just for the sake of following authorities (Adomo 470). Interna lizing rules aids in contesting unjust rules through naturalizing them. Additionally, rather than the crude, old-fashioned, unusual and cruel punishment that many societies in the nineteenth century and even today apply to rehabilitate law breakers, the use of ponopticon would be a normal way of creating reforms. Early reform methods have been considered to be inhumane to the insane and prisoners. For instance, Foucault argues that the use of torture affects the private aspects of individuals’ lives. The idea of using ponopticon in effect acts as a judge everywhere such that social workers, educators, teachers and every other individual will feel that someone is watching them and ready to judge them for their actions(Faubion 148). Other important aspects of the theory are that through the ponopticon, specialization of workforce in an organization increases, efficiency is built and value placed in organizing individuals and data to effect dissemination of information and goods as wel as to effect mass production despite injustices or exploitations. An analysis of his theories To understand social regulation and its modern forms, it is imperative to adopt the conceptual exemplar of the panopticon metaphor created by Michel Foucault. In the field of surveillance and in a post-panoptic world, the use of panopticon has drawn critical reactions and questions on its relevance. During the practice of contemporary surveillance, determining the usefulness of panopticon requires analyzing its course using an explanatory frame (Fenves 369). Readers and analysts of Foucault’s ideas and who seek to determine the possibility of a panopticon to work effectively in light of complex situations have been compelled to contemplate on how they can go beyond the conceptual boundaries of this multifaceted and rich concept to the implications of its manifold functions (Adomo 470). Critiques have blamed the idea of surveillance technology to interference with individualsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ freedoms and security. Monitoring and tracking individual who are not incarcerated doing their normal daily activities through surveillance cameras claiming to modify or control their behavior is a violation of their rights. They further argue that the intrusive electronic society formed by the panoptic mechanism is in itself pervasive and hence cannot manage the information that it is collecting and tracking. In analyzing his theories, it is important to find answers to a number of issues that includes the possibility of mobilizing a counter- power to manage the power systems in the society, create a power that resists existing powers or surrender and allow individuals to be controlled and be manipulated by forces endeavoring to manage people from afar(Bertaux 354). Some of the core themes that are instructive and solid found in the study of surveillance includes visibility, subjectivity, resistance, normativity and power. His idea has been adopted by many in urban public s paces, schools and offices where individual are induced to transform and conform to social order through surveillance. This has aided inn reducing pervasiveness and resistance to change in the society (Adomo 470). His ideas have not received full support especially from a cross section of opposers of Foucault’s principles who think this is a violation of individuals’ right by use of intrusive electronics to control and modify behavior. The issue of freedom and security has plagued Foucault’s theories since his ideas are being seen as ways of incarcerating individuals who are in workplaces, public places and those going about their businesses. It is imperative to note that Foucault’s theories such as that of governmentality and panopticon have raised controversies among analysts. This has been observed in the manner at which individuals have felt that like in the former society that preceded this contemporary one, resistance to change and conformity has tr emendously increased (Faubion 149). As already mentioned, the structure of the contemporary society has grown worse and become different since it lacks power to transform, instead, as Foucault puts it, relies on enlightenment reforms that bear inherent dangers inasmuch as they are made for and intended to correct barbarity (Adomo 470). The latter, is intended to be corrected via enlightenment reforms that seeks to create order in the society via constructing learning institutions, modernizing medicine and elimination of dungeons. In his ideas, Foucault claims that even with reforms, the issue of power and surveillance will be included since changes cause disturbance and the latter calls for order exercised through control and power (Fenves 369). These themes and their key problematics are nuanced by Foucauldian interpretations or by alternative theoretical frameworks. On the other hand, since most studies have focused on the negative aspects of surveillance, it is imperative to crit ically focus on the epistemological way forward. Looking at it in a determistic and dystopian way, sociologists argue that surveillance offers moral governance through monitoring programs. The ideas of Michel Foucault have over the years led to significant developments of the surveillance systems (Faubion 357). However, research studies have indicated the various limitations in the foundational concepts of panopticon claiming that the explanations that Foucault has given in his ideas on surveillance are insufficient. This is observed in how it functions. By building on Foucault’s principle, power comes from observation. The behavior and actions of an observer are based upon what he sees exhibited on a monitor. This knowledge combined with observation ensures that individuals are fabricated in social order (Bertaux 354). However, some analysts argue that this is one way that Foucault’s principle in limiting the freedom of others and oppressing them. They further argue t hat the oppression comes from the threats and the fact that a few individuals or groups manipulate others through control knowledge. While defending his principle, Foucault does not see the danger and oppression analysts are seeing. Conversely, Foucault argues that through control knowledge, the repressions in social order created by individuals are minimized or reduced as panopticon fabricates individuals into social order (Adomo 470). On the issue of power, who does not have it and who has it, Foucault’s idea was not to create a situation where others dominate or rule subjects, but he intended to create a system that will ensure that leaders or those who wish to create order find a ;suitable way of solving conflicts and resistance. Additionally, in his wisdom, Foucault did not give physical weapons that individuals could use to create order. Instead, his idea provided a powerful instrument of analysis. The ideas of Michel Foucault have over the years led to significant deve lopments of the surveillance systems. However, research studies have indicated the various limitations in the foundational concepts of panopticon claiming that the explanations that Foucault has given in his ideas on surveillance are insufficient (Fenves 369). Analysts observe that the argument on Foucault’s principle that power comes from observation betrays the suitability of panopticon the best in contemporary surveillance dynamics. Inasmuch as the behavior and actions of an observer are based upon what he sees exhibited on a monitor, it alters the metaphor of panopticon with complex perspectives beyond panopticon such as seen in foucault’s governmentality theory such as models of assemblage, social sorting and concepts of hyper-control. This knowledge combined with observation critics depicts his ideas induces and fabricates individuals into social order (Bertaux 354). Additionally, some analysts argue that this is one way that Foucault’s principle in limiti ng the freedom of others and oppressing them. They further argue that the oppression comes from the threats and the fact that a few individuals or groups manipulate others through control knowledge. Moreover, other analysts are of the opinion that through control knowledge, the repressions in social order created by individuals are minimized or reduced as panopticon fabricates individuals into social order (Faubion 148). On the issue of power, who does not have it and who has it, Foucault’s idea was not to create a situation where others dominate or rule subjects, but he intended to create a system that will ensure that leaders or those who wish to create order find a ;suitable way of solving conflicts and resistance. Additionally, in his wisdom, Foucault did not give physical weapons that individuals could use to create order. Instead, his idea provided a powerful instrument of analysis. The growth of panoptic surveillance has been regarded as a form of oppression that is sp read by Foucault’s theory of governmentality. The knowledge of being watched and the power of constraint threaten the security of a populace. As such they play both the roles of subjection to internalized surveillance and power over their behavior (Bertaux 353). Today, governments and federal agencies have adopted the idea of Foucault and modernized it through modern technology whereby they track the behavior .and movements of the populace with systems of control such as surveillance cameras in public places, credit cards, ATM’s, the census, social security numbers, cell phones, telephones and the internet (Adomo 470). The use of Panopticon is a carceral culture and idea that has been diffused to affect urban planning through discouraging concealment and monitoring movements. Additionally, it is used in learning institutions, factory architecture and hospitals. Adomo, Theodor.  Parataxis: Zur spaten Lyrik Holderlins.Noten zur Literatur. 1(2005) :447-494. Bertaux, Pi erre. Was Holderlin mentally Ill? Philosophy Today 37.4 (2007): 353-368. Bouchard, Donald. 2009. Language Counter-MemoryPractice:  Selected Essays  and Interviews, translated by Donald Bouchard Sherry Simon. Philosophy Today (2007): 113-138.   Faubion, James. Aesthetics: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Social Indicators Research. 2, (2000): 147-170.   Fenves, Peter. Measure for Measure: Holderlin and the Place of Philosophy. Philosophy Today 37(4/4), (1993): 369-382. Hitchcock, Louise. Theory for Classics. New York: Routledge, 2008.

The Value Investing Approach ( Banjamin Graham ) Research Paper

The Value Investing Approach ( Banjamin Graham ) - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Benjamin Graham is believed to be the original intelligent investor. In his lifetime (1894 to 1976), he was able to enormously contribute to the main subject of investments and security analysis. His works vary from helping an individual perform his own portfolio management, searching for a timely company, purchasing of stocks, and investment of retirement savings at Wall Street. It is worth noting that Graham was always trying to purchase stocks that were been traded at a discount as compared to their net Current Asset Value. In simpler terms, he purchased stocks that were undervalued and he would hold them until they were fully valued. Graham was once known to have said that the determining characteristic of an investor will be his willingness to spare his time and care when selecting securities that are sound and can be seen to be attractive than the average. Nonetheless, an enterprising investor of his caliber could expect a worthw hile reward when it comes to his extra skills and efforts. This could take the form of a better average return as compared to the returns realized from a passive investor. The former world’s richest person (Warren Buffett) is one of the most known Graham’s disciples. Through Berkshire Hathaway, an investment vehicle that Buffet used for the last 40 years, he was able to make 22.2 percent annuals gains for all those years. This is one remarkable record. One may think that this form of percentage is small as compared to the 70 and 100 percent we witness on websites and newsletters. Fortunately, buffet was able to achieve his annual gain year after year, and what we see on the websites and newsletter is just the hype merchant’s use by the wayside. In the end, buffet still has the sovereignty as been the greatest investor of recent times (BuffetsSecrets, 2011). This paper will demonstrate what made Graham’s ideas stand out. It is not just the meager concept o f buying low and sell high. It was more of purchasing cheap assets and sell them later as expensive assets while at the same time looking for large gaps between the worthiness of stock’s and their price. Graham is known to have referred to this as the Margin of Safety (GrahamInvestor, 2012). This form of approach is known to have consumed plenty of time as it was an active investment. It should be known that it could not be done submissively until recently. In any given financial matters, the management of finances is something very important for the immediate and event the later future of an individual’s finances or that of an organization. This means that finance management can either be long term or even short term. In that case, the management of finance will basically involve the future planning of someone’s finances or even that of a business. This is usually done so that there can be a guarantee of smooth financial flow for the business or one’s af fairs. So as to be done in a much effective manner, it has always been necessary to have administration issues and maintenance of all possible financial goods and assets. Another important element of financial management is that it has to cover all the processes which are involved in the overall identification and management of risks. When it comes to the issues of financial management, there should be the element of assessment on the financial situations rather than involving the techniques which entail quantification of the finances. This gives the duty of a financial manager in ensuring that he or she looks keenly at all the available information and data in making useful judgments on the enterprise or business performance of enterprises. Management of finance should be applied as an interdisciplinary approach which has to effectively borrow from the areas of managerial aspects, accounting modalities, and with corporate financing. Graham’

The Most Pressing Ethical Issue in World Cinemas is in Every Aspect Essay

The Most Pressing Ethical Issue in World Cinemas is in Every Aspect that of Representation - Essay Example According to Galt and Schnoozer this specificity although unique in its nature does create room for destabilization in the global art cinema. The term global as used by Galt and Schnoozer does represent all the aspects represented by the global art cinema. These include the geopolitical aspect that features as part of the global art cinema representation. In the 21st century, the art films have the task of presenting unique yet universally legible works of art. Galt and schnoozer argue that the art cinema does demand the consideration of all cultures and the ability seeing ourselves through foreign eyes. This ideology of global art cinema does present the lack of unification. The global art cinema does make a massive contribution to the cinema world in its effort to globalise the art of film. It achieves this by embracing the different cultural perspective and trying to create a relationship in every aspect of life. Glan and schnoozer look at the films from different directors who ha ve come up with the ability to create beautiful films that are an inspiration to their viewers. What this films present is political liberation that is an aspect that the global art cinema focuses on in the aim of promoting contemporary films. An example of the promotion of culture through the field of art cinema is the Spanish cinema. This cinema looks at the popular culture that the Spaniards experienced during the era of Marxism. We focus on dictatorship. The Europe cinema for some time has a link to the art cinema in contrast to the Hollywood cinema, which is popular. For some time, the Hollywood cinema took the principal focus for its international prominence this is in contrast to the European cinema that took the focus of art cinema. This paved room for the study of the other cinemas like the Mexican cinemas, the Spanish cinemas the U.K cinemas also the Australian cinemas the act scholars saw the need to study their unique, artistic quality. Let us consider the movie Motor Cy cle Diaries directed by Walter Salles, the movie is an adaptation of the journal written by Guevara. The movie does use Mexican actors to play the leading roles. Gael Garcia Bernal plays the role of Che. Ernesto Guevara Salles made an ideal choice to use this actor to play Guevera's part. He is a delightful character as he manages to pull out an asthma attack scene on the screen, thus making this is one of the moments that one catches his breath in the film. On the other hand, Rodrigo De La Serna plays the part of Alberto Granado. He plays the loyal travelling companion he represents the casually amoral he manages to bring out his friends fierce integrity. The movie is also a representation of the country’s state dating between the periods 1951 to 1952. Guevera is a final year student in medical school, and his friend is a biochemist finalist. The movie is a representation of a Latin America journey it represents a trip undertaken by a 23 year old across South America. The tw o young friend who undertake the trip across South America happen to be exposed to the plight of the poor along the way. They experience the vulnerability and the suffering of the poor in this country. This exposure forms the basis of Che Guevara interest in being an activist in his country and thus he shows his determination in bidding farewell to the leper colony

Organizational Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Case Study - Essay Example Multiple tiers of research, analysis, theories, hypotheses, and conclusions will be drawn apply the necessary programs as well as the human and other resources to successful serve all areas -- senior level managers/executives and the board of directors, full time employees, professional and paraprofessional staff, as well as the clients from the urban community -- of the organization. In a professional bureaucracy such as the Continuing Education Department, the administrator must be disseminate the department piece by piece, work group by work group, market segment by market segment to properly determine roles and responsibilities as well as levels of accountability. "Its operating core is large relative to its other structural parts - particularly the technostructure. Few managerial levels exist between the strategic apex creating a flat and decentralized profile. Control relies heavily on professional training and indoctrination." (Bolman & Deal, 2003, pp. 65-66) This approach will provide a grid and foundation for future forecast and the building of paradigms and theories to manage and develop programs in response to the needs of employees and affiliates as well as market (s) and community needs. Further segmentation, research and analyses provides greater understanding of the customers needs, trends and opportunities for innovations to serve both the communi ty outreach efforts and the staff development activities. The identification, research and analyses should provide the material to determine best practices, development of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analyses, due diligence, competition within and without the immediate market community as well as trends in the distance and continuing education industries collectively. The development of other approaches will provide the basis for understanding decline in enrollment over the last two (2) years for both the staff development and community outreach programs. It is necessary to thoroughly understand the organizational chart, gaps strategy, reevaluation of corporate missions, the identification and qualification of redundant and/or overlapping responsibilities and programs, as well as streamlining departments, funds for the programs from both the strategic and operations levels to appropriately identify, define, qualify, design, redesign, develop and imple ment effective and efficient solutions and methodologies. Leadership and Strategic Planning Any philosophy developed to properly administer policies and procedures must reflect the organizational proficiencies as well as the community's needs, as this will allow both the internal and external environment to grow synergistically and symbiotically. The objectives must be apparent in the organization's long and short term goals and be a model to develop other programs as well as a foundation on which the organization can grow in response to the community's needs. In order to approach or create methodologies that address the organizational needs, careful assessment must be made to understand corporate mission and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT). These are areas which provide focus and bench marks in checking and reviewing environmental feasibility issues.

Quality Improvement Project for Patient Prescription Record

Quality Improvement Project for Patient Prescription Record The aim of this quality improvement project is to ensure that nurses record in the designated box on patients Prescription and administration record (to be referred to as: Kardex) if High Dose Antipsychotics Monitoring is Applicable YES or NO (to be referred as: applicable Y/N) and subsequently if yes, that the High Dose Antipsychotic Therapy monitoring form (to be referred to as: Monitoring form and the Early Warning Signs (EWS) Form have been activated for completion. The purpose of this is to secure patient safety from the side effects of the medication. There is widespread evidence which clearly links antipsychotic medication contributing to physical health problems such as cardiovascular problems, weight gain, endocrine problems, metabolic syndrome and sudden death (Gumber et al, 2010; Churchword et al, 2009; Tyson et al, 1999). Many premature deaths of people with serious mental illness are due to poor medical care that fails to monitor risk factors which may be due to side effects of medication (Cohen Hove, 2001). A council report by the Royal College of Psychiatrists (2006) revealed that past audits of high dose antipsychotic prescribing for in- patients showed poor adherence to monitoring recommendations. All patients on high dose antipsychotic treatment must be monitored. These guidelines attempt to clarify the identification of patients on high dose antipsychotics, factors to be taken into account before such prescribing and the documentation required when antipsychotics are prescribed in high dose; furthermore it is a polic y requirement of Forth Valley that this documentation is completed for these patients (Forth Valley, 2011). The charge nurse highlighted a concern when evaluating the patients Kardex audit, it showed 100% non-compliance for the completion of the Yes/No response for high dose antipsychotics monitoring. Subsequently when the patients are receiving high dose antipsychotics, there was inconsistency of the completion of the Therapy monitoring form and EWS form. A recent audit of patient Kardexes confirmed the charges nurse finding (see Pareto chart, Appendix B). To begin the process of the quality improvement project, a general ward meeting was held and attended by all staff in the ward that was on shift. During the meeting the charge nurse highlighted the recent findings of the Kardex audit. Concerns were raised that many areas on the Kardex were not being completed, and reminded staff nurses that this is not acceptable and needs to be improved. As a nurse it is extremely important to keep accurate documentation, good record keeping is an fundamental part of nursing practice, and is necessary to the delivery of safe and effective care (Nursing and Midwifery Council, (NMC) 2010). As an attempt to focus the quality improvement project more specifically the results of the audit were presented using a Pareto chart (Appendix B). The data confirmed the areas on the Kardex which were not being completed however, high dose antipsychotic monitoring Yes/No was the highest at 100% non-completion, therefore it was agreed that a new strategy would be implemented to improve this. McLaughlin and Kaluzny (2006) state that the defect focused on does not necessarily need to be the greatest frequency to be improved first, but attention should be given to that defect that may have a devastating result, such as an adverse event or even death. However the defect in this instance was the highest and potentially could cause an adverse event. Following the meeting a questionnaire (Appendix C) was devised and completed anonymously by the pharmacists, consultants and staff nurses to identify the root causes of why this area on the Kardex was not completed. A fishbone diagram was used to illustrate the findings (Appendix D). When populating the fishbone diagram with the data, it was clear to see that there were many reasons that each member of the multidisciplinary team had not completed the applicable area on the Kardex. Role confusion was a common theme from each member of the team. Hill-Smith et al (2012) claims that this is not unusual within multi-disciplinary teams and that respectful communication and clear instructions is of high importance in the delivery of high quality clinical care. Therefore based on these findings PDSA one was developed (Appendix G1). This tested whether the nurse attending the MDT meeting completes the Applicable Y/N on the patients’ Kardex following an email reminder and a verbal promp t from charge nurse before attending the meeting. The test confirmed there was a breakdown in communication, the nurse did not receive the email or a verbal reminder from the charge nurse prior to attending the MDT meeting therefore they were not aware of the procedure that had been discussed and as a consequence the applicable area on the form was not completed, this was confirmed by an audit of the Kardex (Appendix H). This informed the decision for PDSA two (Appendix G2). The nurse coordinating the shift should use the visual prompt situated on the shift coordinating sheet to remind the nurse attending the MDT meeting, to update applicable Y/N on the patients Kardex. The small change of a visual reminder on the shift coordinating sheet proved to be success. It reminded the coordinating nurse to verbally prompt the nurse attending the MDT meeting to complete the patient’s Kardex in the applicable area, which was shown by the Kardex audit after the shift; all patientsâ€℠¢ Kardexes were completed and as a consequently the Therapy form and EWS from were also initiated for completion. These findings are consistent with Simpson (2007) research, where teams have clear operating procedures in place, care coordinating is enhanced. The assumption was that the email and verbally prompt from the charge nurse would result in nurses completing the Applicable Y/N on all patients Kardexes, following the MDT meeting by 23rd February 2014 by 100%. Furthermore, if yes the Therapy form and the EWS form activated for completion. Audits were carried out on the dates shown to give a snapshot of the completion of Applicable Y/N on all patients Kardexes in the IPCU ward at that time. Initial findings of the first audit by the charge nurse on 01/02/2014 revealed that Applicable Y/N was completed 0%. The second audit carried out to confirm the previous results on 08/02/2014 which confirmed the charge nurses findings of 0% compliance of Applicable Y/N. PDSA one was carried out on 10/2/2014 the change revealed 0% improvement in the completion of Applicable Y/N. PDSA two was implemented on 21/2/2014 the change was successful, the results of the audit revealed that Applicable Y/N was completed on all patients Kardexes by 100% this in turn activated the completion of the Therapy form and EWS Form. Comparison of questions, predictions, and analysis of data: Engaging with the quality improvement (QI) project has required me to learn and apply new skills in practice. The process of plan, do, study, act (PDSA) cycles were a new technical skill which I had to not only learn myself, but teach fellow staff nurses on the ward, as this was also, a new process to them. I learnt that PDSA cycles provisionally test an idea by testing a change and assessing its impact. After implementing the first cycle, I learnt that it does not always get the results expected when making changes to your process; it taught me that it was better, and more effective to trial a small change to see if it made a difference, before implementing the change permanently. This also gave staff the opportunity to be involved and offer suggestions and see if the proposed changes would work. I also learnt that communication is an essential and fundamental process during the course of the QI. According to Adams (1999), to persuade others to make an improvement or change, the negotiator must be influential. The Charge nurse in this instance was the influential position to lead change. Unfortunately they were not able to fulfil their obligation in PDSA one, but they carried out the ward meeting and used this as a platform to discuss the Kardex audits with the staff which informed them of the need to make an improvement in practice. Once the need for the new process was established and its principles by the email from the charge nurse, informing the reasoning for a change in practice, this was used as a base for PDSA two. I learnt that it is just as important to define the risk of not making a change (Plummer, 2000) and in this circumstance, changing practice would not only enhance quality of care to patients, but it would promote the involvement between staff nurses and the MDT, building trust and confidence to make the change, whereas the risk of not making the change, could potentially cause an adverse event A final learning point I would like to include was how staff nurses initially were resistant to change. In my opinion from observing, the nurses were quite defensive as though they were being blamed for not doing their job correctly. The questionnaire used was an effective communication tool and successful resource for managing this resistance. It give staff the opportunity to anonymously feedback their reasons for not completing the applicable area on the Kardex, it also let them express their opinion without being condemned. Also, I feel that during this time, they were able to adjust and prepare for the change which minimised resistance (Bernhard and Walsh, 1995). I felt it was essential to take note of all their views as individuals and as team members, which provided further explanation of their reasoning for non-completion. Accountability was a consistent reason used by nurses for their reason for non-completion, as they felt it was a doctor or the pharmacist role and they did not want to be accountable for making the decision. When it was clarified that it was a team decision, by email from the charge nurse, the nursing staff felt supported. Mitchell (2001) states that accountability in nursing is a complex issue and acknowledged the importance of team support in the identification of roles and responsibilities. Frequent ideas and conversations with staff were held over the ten days, in advance of the change in PDSA two which I feel made the improvement successful and run smoother as nursing staff were aware of the new change. I have learnt that within nursing it is important to continually improve the way we work. Working at every level developing the knowledge, technical skills, including leadership, are vital for long-term improvement. Continually learning may be important not only to ensure that we have the skills needed to improve the quality of healthcare, but also to enhance the motivation to do so. Discuss the project’s significance on the local system and any findings that may be generalizable to other systems: Relocation to a new site change what been good practice and now a gap had appeared in the process of monitoring patient. The outcome of this project was a success. It was predicted that by 23rd February 2014 applicable Y/N would be completed by 100%. By establishing the success of the visual prompt in PDSA two on the co-ordinating sheet, was a very small but effective change. As a consequence, at the following staff meeting it was decided that the visual prompt would be a permanent fixture on the coordinating sheet, as it was a sustainable reminder to future shift coordinators, thus improving the initiation of therapy monitoring and EWS forms, and overall patient safety outcomes. Discuss the factors that promoted the success of the project and that were barriers to success. What did you learn from doing this project? What are your reflections on the role of the team? The factors which promoted success in the project were support and leadership from the charge nurse at the beginning of my placement. They helped identify areas in the ward which they felt needed improvement. Furthermore, as a student who had never been in a mental health ward, I felt overwhelmed with the task and this support and guidance helped me through the project. The use of the tools were a great way to involve staff on the ward to feel part of the project and broke down the barriers of pointing blame and focussed their attention in a systematic way, and explored the potential causes of the non-completions. I was amazed as how such a small change help facilitate and test change in a manageable way. I now understand that Quality improvement as a way of approaching change in healthcare that focuses on self-reflection, assessing needs and gaps, and considering how to improve in a multifaceted manner. I feel I have gained an enormous understanding in about quality improvement in that it aims to create an ethos of continuous reflection and a commitment to ongoing improvement. It provides nurses to gain an the skills and knowledge needed to assess the performance of healthcare and individual and population needs, to understand the gaps between current activities and best practice and to have the tools and confidence to develop activities to reduce these gaps Thus, the scan did not focus only on narrowly defined quality improvement models such as ‘plan, do, study, act’ (PDSA) cycles.